Brief Summary
This phase III trial compares the effectiveness of fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) to usual care stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in treating patients with cancer that has spread from where it first started to the brain. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. FSRS delivers a high dose of radiation to the tumor over 3 treatments. SRS is a type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely give a single large dose of radiation to a tumor. FSRS may be more effective compared to SRS in treating patients with cancer that has spread to the brain.
Brief Title
Testing Longer Duration Radiation Therapy Versus the Usual Radiation Therapy in Patients With Cancer That Has Spread to the Brain
Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To determine if the time to local failure is improved with FSRS compared to SRS in patients with intact (i.e., unresected) brain metastases.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare time to intracranial progression-free survival between FSRS and SRS.
II. To compare overall survival between FSRS and SRS. III. To determine if the time to local failure is improved with FSRS compared to SRS, as evaluated by central review of imaging.
IV. To evaluate if there is any difference in central nervous system (CNS) failure patterns (local versus \[vs.\] distant brain failure vs. both) in patients who receive FSRS compared to patients who receive SRS.
V. To compare the rates of radiation necrosis in patients who receive FSRS vs. SRS.
VI. To compare the time to salvage whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) between patients who receive FSRS and those who receive SRS.
VII. To compare the rates of post-treatment adverse events associated with FSRS and SRS.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
ARM I: Patients undergo SRS over 30-90 minutes for 1 fraction on study. Additionally, patients undergo computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on study.
ARM II: Patients undergo FSRS over 30-90 minutes for 3 fractions on study. Additionally, patients undergo CT and MRI on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year then every 6 months for 3 years.
I. To determine if the time to local failure is improved with FSRS compared to SRS in patients with intact (i.e., unresected) brain metastases.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare time to intracranial progression-free survival between FSRS and SRS.
II. To compare overall survival between FSRS and SRS. III. To determine if the time to local failure is improved with FSRS compared to SRS, as evaluated by central review of imaging.
IV. To evaluate if there is any difference in central nervous system (CNS) failure patterns (local versus \[vs.\] distant brain failure vs. both) in patients who receive FSRS compared to patients who receive SRS.
V. To compare the rates of radiation necrosis in patients who receive FSRS vs. SRS.
VI. To compare the time to salvage whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) between patients who receive FSRS and those who receive SRS.
VII. To compare the rates of post-treatment adverse events associated with FSRS and SRS.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
ARM I: Patients undergo SRS over 30-90 minutes for 1 fraction on study. Additionally, patients undergo computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on study.
ARM II: Patients undergo FSRS over 30-90 minutes for 3 fractions on study. Additionally, patients undergo CT and MRI on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year then every 6 months for 3 years.
Categories
Completion Date
Completion Date Type
Estimated
Conditions
Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8
Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Metastatic Digestive System Carcinoma
Metastatic Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain
Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm
Metastatic Melanoma
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of one of the following solid tumor malignancies within 5 years prior to registration:
* Non-small cell lung cancer
* Melanoma
* Breast cancer
* Renal cell carcinoma
* Gastrointestinal cancer
* If the original histologic proof of malignancy is greater than 5 years, then more recent pathologic confirmation (e.g., from a systemic site or brain metastasis) or unequivocal imaging confirmation of extracranial metastatic disease (e.g. CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis, positron emission tomography \[PET\]/CT, etc.) is required
* Patients must have at least 1 and up to 8 total intact brain metastases detected on a contrast-enhanced MRI performed ≤ 21 days prior to registration
* At least 1 of the up to 8 lesions must be a study eligible lesion, defined as lesion with a maximum diameter as measured on any orthogonal plane (axial, sagittal, coronal) of ≥ 1.0 cm and ≤ 3.0 cm
* All brain metastases must be located outside of the brainstem and ≥ 5 mm from the optic nerves or optic chiasm and ≤ 3.0 cm in maximum dimension
* Note: brainstem metastases per the MRI within 21 days of registration are an exclusion criterion; however, if the MRI used for treatment planning performed within 7 days of SRS/FSRS reveals a brainstem metastasis, the patient remains eligible if the patient is considered an appropriate radiosurgery candidate per the local investigator
* Patients must have a diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment ≥ 1.5
* No more than 2 lesions planned for resection if clinically indicated
* No known leptomeningeal disease (LMD)
* Note: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or unequivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 60
* Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in persons of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to registration. Childbearing potential is defined as any person who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone surgical sterilization (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy) or who is not postmenopausal
* No prior radiotherapy to the brain (partial or whole brain irradiation, SRS, FSRS, or prophylactic cranial irradiation \[PCI\])
* New York Heart Association Functional Classification II or better (NYHA Functional Classification III/IV are not eligible) (Note: Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification)
* No active infection currently requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic management
* No hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects
* No chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy
* Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of one of the following solid tumor malignancies within 5 years prior to registration:
* Non-small cell lung cancer
* Melanoma
* Breast cancer
* Renal cell carcinoma
* Gastrointestinal cancer
* If the original histologic proof of malignancy is greater than 5 years, then more recent pathologic confirmation (e.g., from a systemic site or brain metastasis) or unequivocal imaging confirmation of extracranial metastatic disease (e.g. CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis, positron emission tomography \[PET\]/CT, etc.) is required
* Patients must have at least 1 and up to 8 total intact brain metastases detected on a contrast-enhanced MRI performed ≤ 21 days prior to registration
* At least 1 of the up to 8 lesions must be a study eligible lesion, defined as lesion with a maximum diameter as measured on any orthogonal plane (axial, sagittal, coronal) of ≥ 1.0 cm and ≤ 3.0 cm
* All brain metastases must be located outside of the brainstem and ≥ 5 mm from the optic nerves or optic chiasm and ≤ 3.0 cm in maximum dimension
* Note: brainstem metastases per the MRI within 21 days of registration are an exclusion criterion; however, if the MRI used for treatment planning performed within 7 days of SRS/FSRS reveals a brainstem metastasis, the patient remains eligible if the patient is considered an appropriate radiosurgery candidate per the local investigator
* Patients must have a diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment ≥ 1.5
* No more than 2 lesions planned for resection if clinically indicated
* No known leptomeningeal disease (LMD)
* Note: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or unequivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 60
* Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in persons of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to registration. Childbearing potential is defined as any person who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone surgical sterilization (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy) or who is not postmenopausal
* No prior radiotherapy to the brain (partial or whole brain irradiation, SRS, FSRS, or prophylactic cranial irradiation \[PCI\])
* New York Heart Association Functional Classification II or better (NYHA Functional Classification III/IV are not eligible) (Note: Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification)
* No active infection currently requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic management
* No hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects
* No chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy
Inclusion Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of one of the following solid tumor malignancies within 5 years prior to registration:
* Non-small cell lung cancer
* Melanoma
* Breast cancer
* Renal cell carcinoma
* Gastrointestinal cancer
* If the original histologic proof of malignancy is greater than 5 years, then more recent pathologic confirmation (e.g., from a systemic site or brain metastasis) or unequivocal imaging confirmation of extracranial metastatic disease (e.g. CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis, positron emission tomography \[PET\]/CT, etc.) is required
* Patients must have at least 1 and up to 8 total intact brain metastases detected on a contrast-enhanced MRI performed ≤ 21 days prior to registration
* At least 1 of the up to 8 lesions must be a study eligible lesion, defined as lesion with a maximum diameter as measured on any orthogonal plane (axial, sagittal, coronal) of ≥ 1.0 cm and ≤ 3.0 cm
* All brain metastases must be located outside of the brainstem and ≥ 5 mm from the optic nerves or optic chiasm and ≤ 3.0 cm in maximum dimension
* Note: brainstem metastases per the MRI within 21 days of registration are an exclusion criterion; however, if the MRI used for treatment planning performed within 7 days of SRS/FSRS reveals a brainstem metastasis, the patient remains eligible if the patient is considered an appropriate radiosurgery candidate per the local investigator
* Patients must have a diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment ≥ 1.5
* No more than 2 lesions planned for resection if clinically indicated
* No known leptomeningeal disease (LMD)
* Note: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or unequivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 60
* Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in persons of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to registration. Childbearing potential is defined as any person who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone surgical sterilization (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy) or who is not postmenopausal
* No prior radiotherapy to the brain (partial or whole brain irradiation, SRS, FSRS, or prophylactic cranial irradiation \[PCI\])
* New York Heart Association Functional Classification II or better (NYHA Functional Classification III/IV are not eligible) (Note: Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification)
* No active infection currently requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic management
* No hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects
* No chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy
* Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of one of the following solid tumor malignancies within 5 years prior to registration:
* Non-small cell lung cancer
* Melanoma
* Breast cancer
* Renal cell carcinoma
* Gastrointestinal cancer
* If the original histologic proof of malignancy is greater than 5 years, then more recent pathologic confirmation (e.g., from a systemic site or brain metastasis) or unequivocal imaging confirmation of extracranial metastatic disease (e.g. CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis, positron emission tomography \[PET\]/CT, etc.) is required
* Patients must have at least 1 and up to 8 total intact brain metastases detected on a contrast-enhanced MRI performed ≤ 21 days prior to registration
* At least 1 of the up to 8 lesions must be a study eligible lesion, defined as lesion with a maximum diameter as measured on any orthogonal plane (axial, sagittal, coronal) of ≥ 1.0 cm and ≤ 3.0 cm
* All brain metastases must be located outside of the brainstem and ≥ 5 mm from the optic nerves or optic chiasm and ≤ 3.0 cm in maximum dimension
* Note: brainstem metastases per the MRI within 21 days of registration are an exclusion criterion; however, if the MRI used for treatment planning performed within 7 days of SRS/FSRS reveals a brainstem metastasis, the patient remains eligible if the patient is considered an appropriate radiosurgery candidate per the local investigator
* Patients must have a diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment ≥ 1.5
* No more than 2 lesions planned for resection if clinically indicated
* No known leptomeningeal disease (LMD)
* Note: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or unequivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 60
* Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in persons of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to registration. Childbearing potential is defined as any person who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone surgical sterilization (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy) or who is not postmenopausal
* No prior radiotherapy to the brain (partial or whole brain irradiation, SRS, FSRS, or prophylactic cranial irradiation \[PCI\])
* New York Heart Association Functional Classification II or better (NYHA Functional Classification III/IV are not eligible) (Note: Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification)
* No active infection currently requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic management
* No hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects
* No chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy
Gender
All
Gender Based
false
Healthy Volunteers
No
Last Update Post Date
Last Update Post Date Type
Actual
Last Update Submit Date
Minimum Age
18 Years
NCT Id
NCT06500455
Org Class
Other
Org Full Name
NRG Oncology
Org Study Id
NRG-BN013
Overall Status
Recruiting
Phases
Phase 3
Primary Completion Date
Primary Completion Date Type
Estimated
Official Title
Phase III Trial of Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) Versus Fractionated SRS (FSRS) for Intact Brain Metastases
Primary Outcomes
Outcome Description
The time to local failure will be evaluated at a per-patient level. The cause-specific hazard ratio will be estimated in a Cox proportional hazards (PH) model adjusting for patients and disease characteristics. The Cox PH model will be the principle approach. The cumulative incidence function estimator will also be used to estimate the rate of local failure in the presence of competing event of deaths in the two arms separately. A complementary analysis will involve Gray's test to evaluate the difference in the distribution of local failure between treatment arms. These results will be interpreted in light of the competing deaths.
Outcome Measure
Time to local failure
Outcome Time Frame
From randomization (with the treatment planning magnetic resonance imaging as the 'baseline' for purposes of disease assessment) to local tumor progression of any study lesion(s), assessed up to 5 years
Secondary Ids
Secondary Id
NCI-2024-04812
Secondary Id
NRG-BN013
Secondary Id
NRG-BN013
Secondary Id
U10CA180868
Secondary Outcomes
Outcome Description
IPFS will consist of estimation of its distribution for each treatment arm via the Kaplan-Meier method and a stratified log-rank test. Statistical power will depend on the total IPFS events accumulated at trial end.
Outcome Time Frame
From the date of randomization until intracranial progression (local or distant intracranial) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 5 years
Outcome Measure
Intracranial progression-free survival (IPFS)
Outcome Description
Will consist of estimation of its distribution for each treatment arm via the Kaplan-Meier method and a stratified log-rank test. Reasons for death (e.g. due to neurological cause \[any central nervous system event such as an intracranial mass, hemorrhage, or hydrocephalus\] or non-neurological cause) will be recorded.
Outcome Time Frame
From the date of randomization until death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years
Outcome Measure
Overall survival
Outcome Description
The rate of radiation necrosis will be compared in patients who receive fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery to patients who receive stereotactic radiosurgery. The primary comparison of treatment effect on TTRN will be based on testing the cause-specific hazard ratio (CHR) in a univariate Cox proportional hazards model. Additional supplementary analyses will include estimating the cause specific ratio in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for patients and disease characteristics (e.g. stratification randomization factors) and estimating the median TTRN via the cumulative incidence function estimator (Korn 1992). The Gray's test will also be used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of TTRN between treatment arms (Gray 1988).
Outcome Time Frame
From randomization until radiation necrosis, assessed up to 5 years
Outcome Measure
Time to radiation necrosis (TTRN)
Outcome Description
Analysis of time to WBRT will consist of estimation of its distribution for each treatment arm via the Kaplan-Meier method and a stratified log-rank test. For patients who die prior to WBRT, time to WBRT will be censored at time of death.
Outcome Time Frame
Up to 5 years
Outcome Measure
Time to whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)
Outcome Description
AEs will be graded according to Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events version 5.0. Comprehensive summaries of all AEs by treatment arm will be generated and examined. Counts and frequencies of worst AE per patients will be presented overall and by AE type category, separately by assigned treatment group. The proportion of patients with at least one grade 3 or higher AE will be compared between arms. Frequencies for specific potentially treatment related AEs where grade 3 or higher events are noted may be compared. Any frequencies to be tested will be evaluated using the chi-square or exact test as appropriate, with two-sided significance level of 0.05.
Outcome Time Frame
Up to 2 years from start of radiation treatment
Outcome Measure
Incidence of adverse events (AEs)
Start Date
Start Date Type
Actual
Status Verified Date
First Post Date
First Post Date Type
Actual
First Submit Date
First Submit QC Date
Std Ages
Adult
Older Adult
Maximum Age Number (converted to Years and rounded down)
999
Minimum Age Number (converted to Years and rounded down)
18
Investigators
Investigator Type
Principal Investigator
Investigator Name
Justin Tang
Investigator Email
jtang@montefiore.org